Service Operation in Event Management, Incident Management Request ITIL, ITIL Course
Service Operation
Event Management Incident Management Request
Event Management
Introduction
Event Management is an important processin Service Operation lifecycle because it detects, records and updates past and currentevents for future reference.
Event is defined as any detectable or discernable occurrence thathas significance for the management of the IT infrastructure or the delivery of IT service and evaluation of the impact a deviation might cause to the services may be considered an event.
Service Operation in Event Management, Incident Management Request ITIL, ITIL Course
Purpose and Objectives
The purpose of Event Management is to enable stability in IT services delivery and supportby monitoring all events that occur throughout the IT infrastructure, to allow for “normal” Service Operation and to detect and escalate exceptions.
The objectives of Event Management areto detect Events, understand them and determine appropriate control actions.
If events are programmed to communicate operational information as well as warnings and exceptions, they may be used as a basis for automating many routine Operations Management activities.
Event Management also plays a role in understanding actual performance and behavior against design standards and Service Level Agreements (SLAs).
Service Operation in Event Management, Incident Management Request ITIL, ITIL Course
Scope
Event Management can be applied to any aspect of service management that needs to be controlled and which can be automated.
This include:
• Configuration items (CIs)
Some CIs will be included because they need to stay in a constant state
• Environmental conditions
• Software licence monitoring
Software licence monitoring for usage to ensure optimum/legal licence utilization and allocation
• Security
• Normal activity
Roles
It is not common for an organization to appoint an Event Manager. However, the Event Managementmust ensure procedures are coordinated within the Service Operation functions.
Roles of Service Operation functions
The following Service Operation functions can play a role in the Event Management process
• Service Desk: Investigate events and ensureappropriate action is taken for those who require attention.
• Technical and Applications Management:
Classify Events during Service Design
Test the Service during Service Transition
Analyze Events during Service Operation
• IT Operations Management: Event Monitoring (often in the IT Operations
Bridge) and first–line response for Events.
Incident Management
Introduction
The Incident Management process restores disrupted services as quicklyas possible. Incident Management deals with all Incidentsincluding failures, questions or queries by the users, technical staff or by Event monitoring tools.
Purposes and Objectives
Incident management aims to manage all reported Incidents. The purposes of Incident Management are to:
• Restore normal Service Operation as quicklyas possible
• Minimize the adverse impact on business operations
• Ensure servicequality and availability are maintained
The objectives of Incident Management are to:
• Ensure that standardized methodsand procedures are used for efficient and prompt response, analysis, documentation, ongoing management and reporting of incidents
• Increase visibilityand communication of incidents to business and IT support staff
• Enhance business perception of IT through use of a professional approach in quickly resolving and communicating incidents when they occur
• Align incident management activities and priorities with those of the business
• Maintain user satisfaction with the quality of IT services.
Scope
The scope of IncidentManagement includes the following:
• Incident Management includes all incidents and any Event which could disrupt a service.
• Incident Management also involves Incidents that are reports by users, technical staff and monitoring tools.
Concepts
There are some basic concepts in Incident Management that is important in understanding this ITIL® process:
• Timeframes must be agreedfor all Incident handling stages and capturedas targets within OLAs and UCs. All support group must know these timeframe and Service Management tools should be automatedaccordingly.
• Incident Models is a way of predefining the steps thatshould be taken to handle a process in an agreed upon way. This will ensure that ‘standard’ Incidents are handled in pre-defined way and within pre-defined timeframes. An Incident Model includes the following:
Steps taken to handle the Incident
Chronological order
Responsibilities timeframes
Escalation procedures
• Major Incidents are incidents with high potential business impact, high urgency and causes that are known but with no existing work-around available. For Major Incidents, a separate procedure with shorter timeframes and greater urgency must be used.
Process Activities
Process activities conducted in Incident Management are:
• Identification: Work cannot begin on dealing with an incidentuntil it is known that an incident has occurred or is going to occur, Identification is therefore the first step.
• Logging: Incidents are to be logged, dated and stamped
• Categorization: Assigning a category forlater reporting and for determining appropriate solution groups.
• Prioritization: Determined by impact and urgency
• Initial Diagnoses: The Service Desk carries out initial diagnosis to try to discover the full symptomsof the incident and to determine exactly what has gone wrong and how to correct it. Diagnostic scripts and known error information can be most valuable in allowing earlier and accurate diagnosis. If possible the incident will be resolved in this phase, and closed if the resolution is successful.
• Investigation and Diagnoses: Investigate and diagnose Incidents. This is either performed by the Service Desk, or (through functional escalation) by
2nd or 3rd line.
• Resolution and Recovery: Resolution has been identified and tested, recovery is complete, service restored and Incidentrecorded and updated.
• Closure: Performed by the Service Desk, to check that Incidents are fully resolved and to ensure users are satisfied and agree to close the Incident.
There are certain questions that need to be answered when performing certain activities. These questions will determine the subsequent activity required.
Prioritization
It is important to know the correct terms in prioritization so that an Incident can be dealt with accordingly:
• Priority: The priority is based on a combination of impact and urgency. This is often captured in a priority table.
• Impact: Determined by the effect upon the activities of the business. This is often measured in terms of the amountof users affected. Impact is not about the technical complexity of resolution. When determining impact, Service Desk staff should take into consideration:
Risk to life or limb
The number of services affected
The level of financial losses
Effect upon business reputation
Regulatory or legislative breaches
• Urgency: Determined by how quickly the Incident needs to be resolved.
Related to how critical the service is for the business processes.
Escalation
Escalation takes place when the person handling the incident lacks the knowledge, expertise or authority to solve the Incident.
There are two types of escalation:
• Functional Escalation: Also called horizontal escalation and takes place due to lack of knowledge and expertise.
• Hierarchical Escalation: Also called vertical escalation and occurs when major Incidents are reported or when the Incident cannot be resolved within an agreed timescale and possibly breach Service Level Agreements (SLAs).
The Service Deskmust ensure that SLA resolution times are not exceeded when dealing with Incidents. They are responsible for tracking and tracing the incidents.
Escalation never turns an Incidentinto a Problem, although it may result in ownership of an Incident passing to the Problem Manager for administrative reasons and/or the identification of an associated Problem.
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Interfaces
Examples of interfaces with incident management are listed belowfor each service lifecycle stage.
Service Design
• Service Level Management
The ability to resolve incidents in a specified time is a key part of delivering an agreed level of service.
Incident management enables SLM to define measurable responses to service disruptions. It also provides reportsthat enable SLM to review SLAs objectively and regularly. In particular, incident management is able to assist in defining where services are at their weakest, so that SLM can define actions as part of the service improvement plan (SIP).
SLM defines the acceptable levels of service within which incident management works, including:
Incident response times
Impact definitions
Target fix times
Service definitions, which are mapped to users
Rules for requesting services
Expectations for providing feedback to users.
• Capacity Management
Incident management provides a trigger for performance monitoring where there appears to be a performance problem. Capacity management may develop workarounds for incidents.
• Availability Management
Availability management will use incident management data to determine the availability of IT services and look at where the incident lifecycle can be improved.
Service Transition
• Service Asset and Configuration Management
This process provides the data used to identify and progress incidents. One of the uses of the CMS is to identify faulty equipment and to assess the impact of an incident. The CMS also contains information about which categories of incident should be assigned to which support group. In turn, incident management can maintain the status of faulty CIs. It can also assist service asset and configuration management to audit the infrastructure when working to resolve an incident.
• Change management
Where a change is required to implement a workaround or resolution, this will need to be logged as an RFC and progressed through changemanagement. In turn, incident managementis able to detect and resolve incidents that arise from failed changes.
Service Operation
• Problem Management
For some incidents, it willbe appropriate to involve problem management to investigate and resolve the underlying cause to prevent or reduce the impact of recurrence. Incident management provides a point where these are reported. Problem management, in return, can provide known errors for faster incident resolution through workarounds that can be used to restore service.
• Access Management
Incidents should be raised when unauthorized access attempts and security breaches have been detected. A history of incidents should also be maintained to support forensic investigation activities and resolution of access breaches.
What is ITIL ? Service Operation in Event Management, Incident Management Request ITIL, ITIL Course
ITIL is a framework of best practices for delivering IT services. ITIL’s systematic approach to ITSM can help businesses manage risk, strengthen customer relations, and build an IT environment geared for growth, scale, and change.
What is the meaning of ITIL in IT?
ITIL, or Information Technology Infrastructure Library, is a well-known set of IT best practices designed to assist businesses in aligning their IT services with customer and business needs. Services include IT-related assets, accessibility, and resources that deliver value and benefits to customers.
Metrics
The Incident Managershould prepare reports that can assist to judge the efficiency and effectiveness of the Incident ManagementProcess.
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs):
• Percentage of Incidents handled within a timescale
• Percentage of Incidents assigned correctly
• Percentage of Incidents resolvedby the Service Desk
• Number of Incidents processed per agent
Challenges
Challenges in IncidentManagement are:
• Detect Incidents as early as possible
• Convince all staff to log all Incidents
• Have a good understanding of SLAs
Roles
Roles in Incident Management are:
• Incident Manager: Responsible for producing, managing, maintaining, monitoring and developing IncidentManagement processand systems
• Service Desk: Tasks undertaken by the Service Desk includes the handling of first–line Incidents and act as the SPOC (Single Point of Contact) for IT users on a daily basis. The Service Desk must also manage communications with end-users.
• 2nd, 3rd, nth lines: Consists of specialists who handleescalated Incidents or
Incidents that involve third parties.
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