Important T-Codes for Every SAP Consultant (With Examples & Explanations)

 

If you’re beginning your journey as an SAP consultant Important T-Codes, student, or working professional, one of the first things you’ll need to master is T-Codes (Transaction Codes).

T-Codes are shortcut commands used in SAP to perform various tasks — from configuration and data access to system monitoring and debugging. Instead of navigating through multiple menus, you can directly enter a T-Code in the command bar and jump to the desired screen.

 

 

🚀 Configuration & Customizing

1. SPRO / SIMG – IMG (Implementation Guide)

Purpose: Used for SAP configuration and customization across modules (FI, MM, SD, HR, etc.).
Example: To configure company codes or define new plants.
Path: SAP Easy Access → Tools → Customizing → IMG → Execute Project.
Tip: Always perform configuration in the development system before transporting it to quality or production.

2. SM30 – Table Maintenance

Purpose: Maintain and update entries in customization tables.
Example: Update entries for Z-tables (custom tables) or configuration tables like T001 (Company Codes).
Usage: Enter table name → Click “Maintain” → Add/Change entries.

 

3. SM31 – Maintain View/Table Entries

Purpose: Similar to SM30, but used to maintain table views.
Example: Update entries in a maintenance view created for multiple tables.
Difference: SM30 works on tables, SM31 works on views.

 

📊 Data Access & Reporting

4. SE16 / SE16N – Data Browser

Purpose: View and filter table data in SAP.
Example: Check material master data in table MARA.
Tip: SE16N is an enhanced version of SE16 with better usability and export features.

5. SE11 – Data Dictionary

Purpose: Used to create and manage database objects like tables, views, data elements, and domains.
Example: Create a custom table ZEMP_DATA with employee details.
Usage: SE11 → Enter object name → Create/Edit.

6. SQVI – Quick Viewer

Purpose: Create quick custom reports without ABAP programming.
Example: Generate a report of vendor data by joining tables LFA1 and LFB1.
Tip: Ideal for end-users or consultants who need ad-hoc reports.

 

⚙️ Programs & Objects

7. SE38 – ABAP Editor

Purpose: Create, edit, and execute ABAP programs.
Example: Write a program to extract sales data or upload files.
Usage: SE38 → Enter program name → Create/Edit/Execute.

8. SA38 – Execute Programs

Purpose: Execute existing ABAP programs directly without editing.
Example: Run standard report program RFBILA00 (Balance Sheet Report).
Tip: Ideal for executing tested or standard reports.

9. SE80 – Object Navigator

Purpose: Central development environment for all SAP objects — programs, classes, function groups, and packages.
Example: View all objects in package ZFI_UTILS.
Tip: SE80 is your go-to workspace for complete ABAP development.

10. SE37 – Function Module Test

Purpose: Test and execute function modules independently.
Example: Test standard FM BAPI_USER_GET_DETAIL to fetch user info.
Tip: Great for debugging integration points or checking BAPIs.

 

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🔍 Security & Authorization

11. SU01 – User Maintenance

Purpose: Create, modify, or lock SAP user IDs.
Example: Assign roles to a new user SAPUSER01.
Usage: SU01 → Enter User ID → Maintain roles, profiles, or parameters.

12. SUIM – User Information System

Purpose: Retrieve user-related information (authorizations, roles, transactions).
Example: Find all users assigned to a specific role like SAP_ALL.
Tip: Used by security consultants for audit and compliance checks.

 

📦 Monitoring & Jobs

13. SM37 – Background Job Monitoring

Purpose: Monitor background jobs’ status (Active, Cancelled, Finished).
Example: Check if the nightly data load job ran successfully.
Usage: SM37 → Enter Job Name/User → Execute.

14. SM36 – Define Jobs

Purpose: Schedule and define background jobs.
Example: Schedule report ZSALES_SUMMARY to run daily at midnight.
Tip: Use in combination with SM37 for complete job management.

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15. SM12 – Lock Entries

Purpose: Display or delete user lock entries.
Example: Unlock material master record locked by a user.
Usage: SM12 → Enter User Name → Execute → Delete lock if necessary.

16. SM13 – Update Records

Purpose: Monitor update failures or unprocessed transactions.
Example: Check if any database updates failed due to system errors.
Tip: Use it after system crashes or unexpected terminations.

17. SM21 – System Log

Purpose: View system log entries for errors, warnings, and system messages.
Example: Diagnose system errors or failed login attempts.
Usage: SM21 → Select Date Range → Display Logs.

 

🧩 Performance & Debugging

18. ST05 – SQL Trace

Purpose: Analyze database queries for performance optimization.
Example: Identify long-running SQL queries in a custom program.
Tip: Start trace before running the program and stop it after execution.

19. ST22 – Short Dumps

Purpose: Display and analyze ABAP runtime errors (short dumps).
Example: Check dump OBJECTS_NOT_FOUND caused by missing object reference.
Usage: ST22 → Enter Date/Time → Display Dump Details.

20. SM59 – RFC Destinations

Purpose: Configure and test RFC connections between systems.
Example: Test connection between SAP ECC and SAP BW systems.
Tip: Essential for system integration and data transfer checks.

 

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21. AL11 – Application Server Directory

Purpose: Access the application server’s file directories.
Example: View log or interface files stored in the SAP file system.
Usage: AL11 → Select Directory → Display Files.

 

💼 Top 20 SAP Interview FAQs (With Answers)

 

These SAP FAQs cover key fundamentals, technical concepts, configuration knowledge, and real-world problem-solving — all aligned with common interview questions asked by recruiters and project managers.

1. What is SAP, and why is it used?

Answer:
SAP (Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing) is an ERP software that integrates all business processes like finance, sales, logistics, HR, and production into a single system.
Purpose: It helps organizations automate, streamline operations, and make real-time data-driven decisions.

2. What are T-Codes in SAP?

Answer:
T-Codes (Transaction Codes) are shortcuts that allow users to directly access a specific task or screen in SAP.
For example:

• SPRO → Configuration (IMG)
• SE11 → Data Dictionary
• SU01 → User Maintenance

3. What is the difference between a client and a company code in SAP?

Answer:

• Client: The highest organizational level; represents an independent environment.
• Company Code: A legal accounting entity within a client.
  Example: One client can contain multiple company codes for different subsidiaries.

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4. What is the use of SPRO in SAP?

Answer:
SPRO (SAP Project Reference Object) provides access to the Implementation Guide (IMG) used for configuration and customization across all SAP modules.
It’s the backbone of SAP setup and customization.

5. What is the difference between SE16 and SE16N?

Answer:

• SE16: Basic Data Browser for viewing table data.
• SE16N: Enhanced version with better features — dynamic selections, Excel export, and mass data display.

6. What is the purpose of SE11 in SAP?

Answer:
SE11 (Data Dictionary) is used to create and manage tables, views, data elements, and domains.
Example: Creating a custom table ZEMP_DATA to store employee information.

7. What is the difference between SE38 and SA38?

Answer:

• SE38: Used to create, edit, and execute ABAP programs.
• SA38: Used only to execute existing programs (no editing).
  This distinction helps separate development and execution roles.

8. What is SU01 used for?

Answer:
SU01 is used for User Maintenance — creating, modifying, locking/unlocking users, and assigning roles.
Example: Assigning SAP_ALL or custom role to a user.

9. What is the role of SM37 in SAP?

Answer:
SM37 is used for monitoring background jobs — view job logs, statuses, and troubleshoot failed jobs.
Example: Checking whether a daily batch job completed successfully.

10. What is the difference between SM36 and SM37?

Answer:

• SM36: Used to define and schedule background jobs.
• SM37: Used to monitor and manage scheduled jobs.
  Both are often used together in SAP operations.

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11. What is ST22 in SAP?

Answer:
ST22 displays short dumps — runtime errors that occur when ABAP programs fail.
Example: If a program encounters division by zero or null reference, it will generate a dump visible in ST22.

12. How do you analyze system performance issues in SAP?

Answer:
Use ST05 (SQL Trace) to identify slow queries and ST03N for workload analysis.
Also, check SM50 for active processes and SM66 for global performance overview.

13. What is the difference between customization and configuration?

Answer:

• Configuration: Using SPRO to set system parameters without coding (e.g., define company code).
• Customization: Writing ABAP code or developing enhancements (e.g., custom report).

14. What are RFC connections in SAP (SM59)?

Answer:
RFC (Remote Function Call) enables communication between SAP systems or external applications.
Example: Data transfer between SAP ECC and SAP BW via RFC destination configured in SM59.

15. What is AL11 used for?

Answer:
AL11 displays directories and files on the SAP application server.
Example: Checking interface files, logs, or background job output.

 

 

16. What is the difference between roles and profiles in SAP Security?

Answer:

• Role: Defines a set of transactions and authorizations.
• Profile: Generated automatically when a role is created; used for technical authorization assignment.

17. What is SUIM, and when is it used?

Answer:
SUIM (User Information System) is used to analyze user authorizations, roles, and profiles.
Example: Finding all users who have access to a particular T-Code.

18. What is the difference between SAP GUI and SAP Fiori?

Answer:

• SAP GUI: Traditional interface for desktop users.
• SAP Fiori: Modern, web-based, and mobile-friendly UI built on SAPUI5.
  Fiori provides a simplified user experience.

19. What is a BAPI in SAP?

Answer:
BAPI (Business Application Programming Interface) is a standard SAP interface that allows external applications to access SAP business processes.
Example: Using BAPI_USER_CREATE to create a user via integration.

20. How do you transport changes from development to production in SAP?

Answer:
Using the Transport Management System (TMS).
Steps:

1. Make configuration changes in DEV system.
2. Create a transport request.
3. Release and move it to QA (testing) → then to PROD.

 

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Mastering these essential SAP T-Codes will make your work faster, smarter, and more efficient. Whether you are a student learning SAP, a consultant in training, or an experienced professional, these transaction codes form the foundation of your SAP expertise.

Start practicing them in your SAP sandbox or training environment to build confidence and speed. Remember — knowing the right T-Code at the right time can make you stand out as a true SAP expert!

 

Important T-Codes

 

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