Top 50 Linux Commands Every User Should Know
Whether you’re a seasoned sysadmin or a beginner Top 50 Linux Commands | Must Know The Important Commands exploring the world of Linux, mastering the command line is crucial. Linux commands are the backbone of effective system management and navigation. In this guide, we’ll cover the top 50 Linux commands you need to know, helping you streamline your workflow and boost your productivity.
1. ls
The ls command lists files and directories in the current directory. Use ls -l for detailed information and ls -a to show hidden files.
Example: ls -la
2. cd
Change directories with cd. Use cd .. to move up one level and cd ~ to return to your home directory.
Example: cd /var/log
3. pwd
Print Working Directory (pwd) shows the full path of your current directory.
Example: pwd
4. mkdir
Create new directories with mkdir. Use mkdir -p to create parent directories as needed.
Example: mkdir new_folder
5. rmdir
Remove empty directories using rmdir. For directories with contents, use rm -r.
Example: rmdir old_folder
6. rm
Delete files and directories with rm. Use rm -rf to remove directories and their contents forcefully.
Example: rm file.txt
7. cp
Copy files and directories with cp. Use cp -r for recursive copying of directories.
Example: cp source.txt destination.txt
8. mv
Move or rename files and directories using mv.
Example: mv old_name.txt new_name.txt
9. cat
Concatenate and display file contents with cat. Use cat -n to number the lines.
Example: cat file.txt
10. grep
Search within files using grep. Use grep -r to search recursively in directories.
Example: grep 'search_term' file.txt
11. find
Locate files and directories with find. Use find /path -name filename to search by name.
Example: find /home/user -name '*.txt'
12. locate
Quickly find files with locate. It relies on a database that is updated periodically.
Example: locate filename
13. man
Access the manual pages of commands with man. Use man -k to search for commands related to a keyword.
Example: man ls
14. top
Display real-time system information and resource usage with top. Use htop for a more user-friendly interface.
Example: top
15. ps
View currently running processes with ps. Use ps aux for detailed information.
Example: ps aux
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16. kill
Terminate processes with kill. Use kill -9 for a forceful termination.
Example: kill PID
17. chmod
Change file permissions with chmod. Use chmod +x to make a script executable.
Example: chmod 755 script.sh
18. chown
Change file ownership with chown. Use chown user:group file to specify user and group.
Example: chown user:group file.txt
19. df
Display disk space usage with df. Use df -h for human-readable format.
Example: df -h
20. du
Estimate file and directory space usage with du. Use du -sh for a summary.
Example: du -sh /home/user
21. tar
Archive files and directories with tar. Use tar -xzf to extract gzipped archives.
Example: tar -czf archive.tar.gz /path/to/dir
22. gzip
Compress files with gzip. Use gunzip to decompress files.
Example: gzip file.txt
23. bzip2
Compress files with bzip2. Use bunzip2 to decompress files.
Example: bzip2 file.txt
24. wget
Download files from the web with wget. Use wget -r for recursive downloads.
Example: wget http://example.com/file.txt
25. curl
Transfer data from or to a server with curl. Use curl -O to download files.
Example: curl -O http://example.com/file.txt
26. nano
Edit files in the terminal with nano. Use nano -c to display line numbers.
Example: nano file.txt
27. vim
A powerful text editor, vim offers advanced editing features. Use vim file.txt to open a file.
Example: vim file.txt
28. history
View command history with history. Use !number to repeat a specific command.
Example: history
29. alias
Create shortcuts for commands with alias. Use unalias to remove an alias.
Example: alias ll='ls -la'
30. ssh
Securely connect to remote servers with ssh. Use ssh user@host to log in.
Example: ssh user@remote_host
31. scp
Securely copy files between hosts with scp. Use scp -r for recursive copying.
Example: scp file.txt user@remote_host:/path/to/destination
32. rsync
Sync files and directories between locations with rsync. Use rsync -av for archive mode and verbose output.
Example: rsync -av source/ destination/
33. crontab
Schedule tasks with crontab. Use crontab -e to edit the cron jobs.
Example: crontab -e
34. at
Schedule tasks for one-time execution with at. Use at now + 1 minute to run a command in a minute.
Example: echo 'shutdown now' | at now + 1 minute
35. uptime
Display system uptime with uptime. It also shows load averages.
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Example: uptime
36. free
Check memory usage with free. Use free -h for a human-readable format.
Example: free -h
37. uname
Display system information with uname. Use uname -a for detailed information.
Example: uname -a
38. echo
Display messages or output variables with echo.
Example: echo 'Hello, World!'
39. sed
Stream editor for filtering and transforming text with sed. Use sed -i to edit files in place.
Example: sed 's/old/new/g' file.txt
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40. awk
Pattern scanning and processing language with awk. Use it for text and data manipulation.
Example: awk '{print $1}' file.txt
41. diff
Compare files line by line with diff. Use diff -u for unified format.
Example: diff file1.txt file2.txt
42. sort
Sort lines of text files with sort. Use sort -r for reverse order.
Example: sort file.txt
43. cut
Remove sections from each line of files with cut. Use cut -d to specify a delimiter.
Example: cut -d':' -f1 file.txt
44. head
Display the beginning of a file with head. Use head -n to specify the number of lines.
Example: head -n 10 file.txt
45. tail
Display the end of a file with tail. Use tail -f to follow file changes in real-time.
Example: tail -f log.txt
46. wc
Count lines, words, and characters in files with wc. Use wc -l to count lines.
Example: wc -l file.txt
47. findmnt
Find mounted filesystems with findmnt. Use findmnt -l for a list format.
Example: findmnt
48. mount
Mount filesystems with mount. Use mount -a to mount all filesystems listed in /etc/fstab.
Example: mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
49. umount
Unmount filesystems with umount. Use umount followed by the mount point or device.
Example: umount /mnt
50. shutdown
Shutdown or restart the system with shutdown. Use shutdown -h now to halt the system immediately
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